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The mortgage origination value chain consists of the home buyer, estate agent, mortgage originator, attorney and the lender (bank).
1. Seller
The seller is the registered owner of the property to be sold. The seller could:
• Approach an estate agency to sell the property on his/her behalf
• List the property for sale through a direct selling mechanism on the Internet
• Sell the property directly to a prospective buyer.
2. The buyer
The buyer of a property enters into an Agreement of Sale with the seller of the property and could pay the purchase price to the seller in cash or by obtaining a home loan or mortgage through a bank. A buyer is also a person buying a stand and building a dwelling on the stand.
3. The estate agent
The estate agent is the starting point within the value proposition to the homebuyer. Although appointed by the seller, and primarily looking after the interests of the seller in terms of listing the property and finding a suitable buyer as close as possible to the seller’s asking price, the estate agent is compelled to operate and advise homebuyers within the guidelines and policies of the Estate Agency Board, the Regulatory Body for Estate Agents. The estate agent adds value to the homebuyer in finding a suitable property to satisfy the needs of the homebuyer.
4. Banks
The bank is also referred to as the lender. When the originator submits an application on behalf of the homebuyer to the bank, the bank will assess the application based on the creditworthiness of the applicant, the affordability of the loan for the applicant and the security that is offered for the loan in terms of the value of the property to be mortgaged. Based primarily on the risk the mortgage loan represents, the bank will offer the home buyer a suitable interest rate. The normal repayment period for a home loan is 20 years. After registration of the home loan, the applicant becomes the client of the bank.
5. The attorney
By law a conveyancing attorney is the only person who may register property transactions in the Deeds Office.
When there is a mortgage bond registered over a property, and the purchaser has procured a loan secured by a mortgage bond to pay the whole or part of the purchase price, three basic types of transactions are applicable:
• The cancellation of the seller’s existing mortgage
• Simultaneously, the transfer of the property into the new owner’s name
• And also simultaneously, the registration of the purchaser’s bond
There is a fourth possibility – that the property transactions may be in the sense that, for example, the purchaser has sold another property, and the proceeds of that sale, or part thereof, are used to pay the purchase price of the property he/she is now buying.
6. Mortgage originator
A mortgage loan originator or mortgage broker is a licensed professional who arranges mortgage financing for potential homebuyers. While a loan originator usually represents a particular mortgage company, the mortgage broker may possibly represent more than one lender. In either case, the job is to assist the borrower by beginning the borrowing process through the completion of a loan application, and gathering of the necessary documentation, such as income statements and credit reports.
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